Nikolay peyko explained

Selected works

Piano Ballad (1939)

From the Legends of Yakutia, symphonic suite (1940, rev. 1957)
Dramatic Overture (1941)
Sonatina-Folktale for Piano (1942)

Aikhylu, opera (1942)
Symphony No. 1 (1944–45)
Symphony No. 2 (1946)
Piano Concerto (1943–47)

From the Early Russia, symphonic suite (1948)
Moldavian Suite for orchestra (1949–50)
Seven Pieces on Themes of the Soviet People (1950)
Concerto-Fantasy for violin and orchestra No. 1 on Finnish themes (1953)
Piano Sonata No. 1 (1946–54)

Jeanne d’Arc, ballet after Schiller (1952–55)
Symphonic Ballad (1956)
Symphony No. 3 (1957)
Sinfonietta (1959)
Capriccio for chamber orchestra (1960)
Piano Quintet (1961)
String Quartet No. 1 (1962)
Concerto-Fantasy for violin and orchestra No. 2 (1964)
Symphony No. 4 (1963–65)
String Quartet No. 2 (1965)

One Night of Tsar Ivan, oratorio after Tolstoy (1968)
Symphony No. 5 (1968)
Suite for violin and orchestra (1968)
Decimet (1971)
Symphony No. 6 (1972)
Concerto-Symphony (1974)
Piano Sonata No. 2 (1975)
String Quartet No. 3 (1976)
Symphony No. 7 (1977)
Elegiac Poem for strings (1980)

One Night of Tsar Ivan, opera based in the 1968 oratorio (1982)
Concert Variations for two pianos (1983)

Career[edit]

Peyko worked in a military hospital during the Second World War and taught at the Moscow Conservatory from 1942 to 1949. After working since 1941–1943 in Ufa at a military hospital, NIkolay partly worked with and was influenced by Dmitri Shostakovich. From 1959 till retirement Peyko was professor of composition at the Gnessin State Musical College where his students included Sofia Gubaidulina, Alexander Arutiunian, and Inna Abramovna Zhvanetskaia. Peyko taught his students twelve-tone technique.

Nikolay’s first successful work was From the Legends of Yakuta (1940). During World War II, he worked in a military hospital and composed several patriotic pieces, including Dramatic Overture (1941) and Symphony I (1944-1946). They were appreciated by Myaskovsly and Schostakovich. His classical archives include Moldavian Suite for Orchestra (1950), Tsar Ivan’s Night, Jeanne d’Arc, Ballada, for piano, Piano Sonata No.1, Variations for piano, Sonatina for piano No.2, Bylina, for Piano, Piano Sonata No. 2, and Concert Triptych for 2 pianos. Nikolay worked on a genre of «pure» sympathy composed music for theater plays.

Nikolay was more of a traditional composer who absorbed folk music in his musical language. His music is known for a harsh, distant sound. His music has been described as driving march-rhythms with good humor, decorated with the sound of bells. In 1964 he was honored as a Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR. Nikolay began working with 12-note scales in the 1960s. In 2012 he performed in the Irish-Russian chamber-music festival in Moscow.

Career

Персоналия: Пейко

Персона

Фамилия:	Пейко
Имя и отчество / Имя:	Николай Иванович
Пол:	Муж
Дата рождения (год, месяц, день):	1916-03-25
Дата рождения по старому стилю:	1916-03-12
Дата смерти (год, месяц, день):	1995-07-01

Очерк

Советский и российский композитор, дирижёр, педагог. Лауреат двух Сталинских премий (1947, 1951). Заслуженный деятель искусств РСФСР ().

В 1933—1937 годах обучался в музыкальном училище при МГК имени П. И. Чайковского у Г.И. Литинского (композиция), И. В. Способина (теоретические дисциплины). В 1940 году окончил МГК имени П. И. Чайковского, в классе Н. Я. Мясковского (композиция) и В. А. Цуккермана (анализ музыкальных форм).

В 1943 году начал преподавать в консерватории в качестве ассистента Д. Д. Шостаковича и Николая Мясковского, а вскоре возглавил собственный композиторский класс. Также был руководителем композиторской кафедры в Институте имени Гнесиных (с 1958 года — профессор). Н. Пейко — один из самых авторитетных после Мясковского композиторов-педагогов московской композиторской школы. Снискал репутацию выдающегося энциклопедиста своего времени.

Воспитал более 70 композиторов, среди которых Юрий Абдоков, София Губайдулина, Алексей Ларин и другие. Вместе с Б. А. Чайковским присутствовал при аресте композитора Моисея Вайнберга 6 февраля 1953 года Совместно с Д.Д. Шостаковичем способствовал освобождению Вайнберга из заключения. Отец Пейко — Иван Игнатьевич — был арестован и расстрелян на Бутовском полигоне в 1937 году. Репрессиям подверглись практически все близкие родственники жены композитора — Ирины Михайловны (урожд. кн. Оболенской).

Н. И. Пейко умер 1 июля 1995 года в Москве. Похоронен на Домодедовском кладбище рядом с женой, Ириной Михайловной Пейко-Оболенской.

Стиль Пейко связан с традициями русской и западной симфонической музыки, в том числе — сочинениями Н. Я. Мясковского. В поздний период творчества экспериментировал с двенадцатитоновой техникой, оставаясь приверженцем традиционного ладо-тонального мышления. Произведения композитора отличаются яркой и изысканной оркестровкой и поэтической глубиной. Цикл симфоний Пейко принадлежит к числу наиболее значимых в европейской симфонической культуре ХХ века.

Внес вклад в сибирское музыкальное искусство: в 1940-е годы, в ходе командировок в Якутию, создал ряд опусов на основе якутского фольклора.

Персоналия / МКС категория

Академическая
Композиторские организации
Наука о музыке(Музыкознание)
Образование и просвещение
Творчество композиторов Сибири

Tonal language

Peiko was a fairly traditional composer, who held on to an extended, enriched with dissonance tonality.
His work partly reflects the influence of his friend Dmitri Shostakovich, but he tied much more than this, the folk music of the Soviet peoples in his musical language and undertook for this purpose is often research trips.
Around 1960 found Peiko an independent musical language, which is based primarily on oft-repeated short, rhythmically incisive motifs and seemingly abrupt breaks.
His works are more concise and focused, characteristic is an ironic, grotesque tone.
Peiko preferred a distant, harsh, almost cool expression.
He also emerged as a conductor and pianist of his own works.

Peyko studied composition at Moscow Conservatory under Nikolay Myaskovsky, graduating in 1940, then working in a military hospital during the Second World War and teaching at the Moscow Conservatory 1942-1949. After he had been working since 1941-1943 in Ufa at a military hospital, NIkolay worked partly with and was influenced by Dmitri Shostakovich. From 1959 till retirement Peyko was professor of composition at the Gnessin State Musical College where his students included Sofia Gubaidulina and Alexander Arutjunjan. NIkolay was considered as an important composition teacher and taught his students twelve-tone case. Nikolay’s first successful works, a sympathetic suite «From the Legends of Yakuta» (1940). During World War 2 he worked in a military hospital and composed several patriotic pieces «Dramatic Overture» (1941), first symphony (1944-1946) were highly appreciated by Myaskovsly and Schostakovich. Some classical archives from Nikolay are Moldavian Suite for orchestra (1950), «The Tsar Ivan’s Night», «Jeanne d’Arc», Ballada, for piano, Piano Sonata NO.1, Variations for piano, Sonatina for piano No.2, Bylina, for Piano, Piano Sonata NO.2, Concert Triptych for 2 pianos. Nikolay worked on a genre of «pure» sympathy composed music for theater plays composed chamber music. Nikolay was more of a traditional composer who performed Folk music to the soviets in his musical language. His music is known for a more harsh, distant sound with lots of expression. Another sense of his music is driving march-rhythms with good humor, also presented with the sound of bells. In 1964 he received the title as a Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR. Nikolay began working with 12-note methods in the 1960s. In 2012 he performed in the Irish-Russian chamber-music festival in Moscow. Nikolay has won many awards throughout his lifetime, including two Stalin prizes for his first symphony (1947) and his Moldavian Suit (1950–51). Unfortunately NIkolay is completely unknown in the west, but his first two CD’s ever made covers his piano music and was the first time any piece of music by Peyko was recorded on a western label (though several Soviet recordings of his music have reappeared in the West, e.g. his setting of Gogol’s «The Overcoat» on 1950s Monitor LPs, or more recently a violin & orchestra fantasia in Brilliant Classics «Tretiakov Edition» (a 2007 CD set of recordings of that violinist’s, mostly radio broadcast, performances.))

Life

Peiko showed at an early age a marked interest in music and already wrote his first compositions in childhood.
From 1933, he studied composition at the Music School in Moscow;
In 1937 he transferred to the Moscow Conservatory where he studied under Nikolai Myaskovsky Nikolai Rakov and composition until 1940.
After he had been in the years 1941 to 1943 in Ufa in a military hospital operates Peiko 1944 lecturer and assistant of Dmitri Shostakovich at the Moscow Conservatory.
From 1952 he was a lecturer at the same site.
In 1959 he transferred to the Moscow Gnessin Institute, a music school, where he worked until his death as professor of composition.
Peiko was considered important composition teacher and taught his students to whom Sofia Gubaidulina and Alexander Arutjunjan include, on request also more modern compositional techniques such as twelve-tone case.
Peiko received numerous awards, including two Stalin prizes for his first symphony (1947 ) and his Moldovan Suite ( 1951).

Works

Orchestral works

Symphony No. 1 in F sharp minor ( 1944-46 )
Symphony No. 2 in D major (1946 )
Symphony No. 3 in F major (1956 /57)
Symphony No. 4 in B minor ( 1963-65 )
Symphony No. 5 in A major (1968 /69)
Symphony No. 6 in E minor (1972 )
Symphony No. 7 in A Minor for folk instrument orchestra ( 1977)
Symphony No. 8 in E minor ( 1982-85 )
Symphony No. 9 for string orchestra ( 1988-90)
Symphony No. 10 » 12 aphorisms and postlude » (1993)
Concert Symphony in E major ( 1972-74 )
Sinfonietta for Small Orchestra in C minor (1959 )
«From the early Russia,» Suite ( 1948)
» Moldovan Suite » (1950)
» 7 pieces on topics of the Soviet peoples,» Suite ( 1950)
«From the legend of Yakutia » Suite ( 1940-59 )
Elegiac poem for string orchestra (1980 )
» November 7 «, Symphonic Poem (1986 /87)

Piano Concerto ( 1942-54 )
2 Fantasies for Violin and Orchestra (No. 1 in E minor on Finnish themes, 1953, No. 2 in G Minor, 1964)
Concert Variations for cello and orchestra (1981 )
Concert Poem for balalaika, clarinet and orchestra (1978 )
Concerto for oboe and chamber orchestra (1982 /83)

«Spring Wind», Ballet (1950 )
» Jeanne d’ Arc «, Ballet ( 1953-56, rev. 1978/79 )
» Abakajada «, Ballet (1981 /82)
» Aichylu » Opera (1941, rev. 1951)
«A Night of Tsar Ivan «, oratorio (1968, 1982 Opera fashioned )
Song Cycles

String Quartet No. 1 in F sharp minor (1963 /64)
String Quartet No. 2 in F sharp minor (1965 )
String Quartet No. 3 in E minor (1976 )
String Quartet No. 4 (1983 )
Piano Quintet in D major (1961 )
Dezimet for piano, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, violin, viola, cello and double bass in E minor (1971 )
» Bashkir melodies » for cello and piano (1942 )