MARLBOROUGH STREET YEARS
In 1959 Ashton’s sister Edith persuaded him to buy 8 Marlborough Street, where the parade of nearby small shops lent the district the ‘London village’ atmosphere that he favoured. Inside, the house was described by a visiting biographer as
According to Ashton’s sometime partner Martyn Thomas — who was an interior decorator – the house veered from ‘shabby and cluttered (which is excusable)’ to ‘dirty and squalid’ (which isn’t)’.
While living at number 8, Ashton succeeded de Valois as Director of the Royal Ballet. Continuing in his role as principal choreographer, his later works included The Dream (1964), Sinfonietta (1967) and Enigma Variations (1968). In 1970 Ashton reluctantly retired from the Royal Ballet directorship but kept working. Most notably, he choreographed the film The Tales of Beatrix Potter (1971) and performed in it as Mrs Tiggywinkle.
Примечания, ссылки и источники
Источники
- Андерсон, Зои (2006). Королевскому балету — 75 лет . Лондон: Фабер и Фабер. ISBN .
- Доминик, Зои ; Джон Селвин Гилберт (1971). . Лондон: Харрап. ISBN 024550351X.
- Форд, Борис (1992). . Кембридж: Издательство Кембриджского университета. ISBN .
- Франки, Кристина (2004). Фредерик Эштон — хореограф-основатель Королевского балета . Серия наследия Королевского оперного театра. Лондон: Оберон. ISBN .
- Грескович, Роберт (2002). Балет 101 . Лондон: поворот. ISBN .
- Джейкобс, Лаура А (2006). Пейзаж с движущимися фигурами — Десятилетие танца . Нью-Йорк: Dance & Movement Press. ISBN .
- Парри, Янн (2010). Другой барабанщик — Жизнь Кеннета Макмиллана . Лондон: Фабер и Фабер. ISBN 978-0571243037.
- Воан, Дэвид (1999). (второе изд.). Лондон: Книги о танцах. ISBN .
Литература
- Балет. Энциклопедия / Гл. ред. Ю. Н. Григорович. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1981. — 623 с.
- Гарафола, Линн. Русский балет Дягилева / Пер. с англ. М. Ивониной, О. Левенкова. — Пермь.: Книжный мир, 2009. — 480 с. — ISBN 973-5-903-861-06-4.
- Дудина, Марина. Фредерик Аштон. К юбилею великого мастера // PRO Танец. — 2014. — № 03 (10). — С. 2—4.
- Дудина, Марина. Фредерик Аштон. К юбилею великого мастера // PRO Танец. — 2015. — № 04 (11). — С. 2—4.
- Красовская В. М. Аштон, Фредерик // А — Гонг. — М. : Советская энциклопедия : Советский композитор, 1973. — Стб. 262—263. — (Энциклопедии. Словари. Справочники : Музыкальная энциклопедия : / гл. ред. Ю. В. Келдыш ; 1973—1982, т. 1).
- Frederick Ashton: a choreographer and his ballets by Zoë Dominic and John Selwyn Gilbert. London: Harrap, 1971. ISBN 024550351X
- Frederick Ashton and his ballets by David Vaughan. London: A. and C. Black, 1977. ISBN 0394410858
- Secret Muses: The Life of Frederick Ashton by Julie Kavanagh. London: Faber, 1996. ISBN 0571143520
- Following Sir Fred’s Steps: Ashton’s Legacy edited by Stephanie Jordan and Andrée Grau. London: Dance Books, 1996. ISBN 1852730471
- A network of Styles: Discovering the Choreographed Movement of Frederick Ashton by Geraldine Morris. University of Surrey, 2000.
MASTER CHOREOGRAPHER
In 1926 Ashton choreographed his first short ballet, A Tragedy of Fashion. This was Ashton’s first collaboration with the painter and stage designer Sophie Fedorovitch, who became a close friend and collaborator until her death in 1953. A sojourn in Paris during 1928 saw him join Ida Rubinstein’s company with Massine, dancing under the direction of Bronislava Nijinska, whose choreography became an important influence. On returning to London the following summer Ashton became a founder member of Rambert’s Ballet Club, later the Rambert Dance Company.
In 1935 Ashton joined Ninette de Valois’s company – known as Sadler’s Wells Ballet from 1939 – as dancer and principal choreographer. It was in the years that followed that Ashton formed his most significant collaborative partnership – with the dancer Dame Margot Fonteyn.
Ashton served in the RAF during the Second World War but returned to the Sadler’s Wells Ballet after demobilisation. His first complete work staged at the company’s new base at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, was Symphonic Variations (1946) – widely regarded as his masterpiece. Notable works in following years included La Fille Mal Gardée (1960), and Marguerite and Armand (1963), which set the seal on the partnership of Rudolf Nureyev and Fonteyn.
Хореография
Эштон создал более восьмидесяти балетов. В своей записи Who’s Who он назвал свои самые известные работы:
- Полнометражные балеты
- Золушка (1948)
- Сильвия (1952)
- Ромео и Джульетта (1955) — для Королевского датского балета.
- Ундина (1958)
- La fille mal gardée (1960)
- Более короткие работы
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Хелпманн и Фонтейн: танго-пасодобль в фасаде
Другие известные балеты Эштона включают в себя:
- Вальс (1958)
- Монотоны I и II (1965)
- Сказки Беатрикс Поттер (фильм 1970 года)
- (1971)
- Голоса весны (1977)
Фред Степ
Эштон включил во многие свои балеты фирменный шаг, известный танцорам как «шаг Фреда». Он определяется Дэвидом Воаном как « posé en arabesque, coupé dessous, small développé a la second, pas de bourrée dessous, pas de chat ». Адриан Гратер расширил определение, включив в него переходные движения; в нотации Бенеша это записывается так:
Это было основано на шаге, который использовала Анна Павлова в гавоте, который она часто исполняла. Алисия Маркова вспоминала в 1994 году, что Эштон впервые применила степ в коротком балете, завершившем постановку Найджела Плейфэра « Брак в моде » 1930 года . Этого не было в « Фасаде» Эштона 1931 года , но после этого оно стало частью его хореографии. Критик Аластер Маколей пишет:
Сам Эштон танцевал степ в роли робкой сестры в «Золушке», а позже он и Фонтейн вместе станцевали ее нежную версию в « Салют д’амур», созданном Эштоном для ее шестидесятилетия в Ковент-Гарден. Королевский балет разместил на своем веб-сайте демонстрацию ступеньки, которую объяснила балетмейстер труппы Урсула Хагели и которую танцует Романи Пайдак.
Примечания
- ↑ , с. 2.
- ↑
- ↑ , с. 3.
- (англ.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Дата обращения: 8 ноября 2020.
- , с. 381.
- ↑ , с. 4.
- , стб. 262.
- . Информационно-аналитический портал «МУЗЫКАЛЬНЫЕ СЕЗОНЫ». Дата обращения: 8 ноября 2020.
- ↑ , с. 36.
- (недоступная ссылка). web.archive.org (4 февраля 2012). Дата обращения: 7 июля 2020.
- (недоступная ссылка). web.archive.org (4 февраля 2012). Дата обращения: 7 июля 2020.
- (недоступная ссылка). web.archive.org (15 декабря 2018). Дата обращения: 7 июля 2020.
- (недоступная ссылка). web.archive.org (4 февраля 2012). Дата обращения: 7 июля 2020.
- , с. 3.
- ↑ , с. 4.
- (англ.). WHO’S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. Дата обращения: 2 августа 2020.
Награды
Является Командором Ордена Британской империи(1950), обладатель Ордена Кавалеров Почёта (1962) и ордена «За заслуги» (1977). В 1959 году был награждён премией Елизаветы II от Королевской академии танца, в 1962 году был посвящён в рыцари за заслуги в области балета, в том же году получив французский орден Почётного легиона, а в 1963 году — шведский орден Данеброг. Он получил Звание «свободного гражданина лондонского Сити» и получил почетные докторские степени Даремского университета (1962), Университета Восточной Англии (1967), Лондонского университета (1970), Университета Халла (1971) и Оксфордского университета (1976).
Biography
Frederick Ashton was born in 1904 and spent his childhood in South America. He studied with Leonide Massine and Marie Rambert, who also gave him his first opportunities as a choreographer.
A Tragedy of Fashion, a commission in 1926, was his first ballet to be staged – as part of a revue entitled Riverside Nights. In 1928, he joined Ida Rubinstein’s company in Paris, where he also came under the influence of Bronislava Nijinska from whom, he acknowledged, he learned his craft. He came to England in 1929 to choreograph for Rambert and the Camargo Society. He also danced with the Rambert Company in both the classics and modern works, and partnered Tamara Karsavina, Lydia Lopokova, and Alicia Markova, at the same time pursuing a successful career as a dancer in musicals and revues.
In 1931, he created his first work, Regatta, for Ninette de Valois’ Vic-Wells Ballet, and four years later was invited to become Resident Choreographer. Ashton remained De Valois’ associate until 1948 when his position as Associate Director was publicly recognized. In 1963, he succeeded Dame Ninette as Director of the company (now called The Royal Ballet), a position he held until he retired in 1970. In 1935, Ashton began his association with Margot Fonteyn, creating the Bride in Le Baiser de la Fée for her. Among the ballets he has since made with her in mind are Nocturne, Horoscope, Dante Sonata, Symphonic Variations (his first ballet for the Covent Garden stage), Daphnis and Chloë, Ondine, and Marguerite and Armand (for Fonteyn and Nureyev). Ashton’s choreography has caused an unmistakably lyrical style to emerge in British ballet. In addition to comic and dramatic ballets and those of “pure” dance, his innate sense of theatre is always apparent.
Of nearly 100 ballets, many have been landmarks, including Cinderella, Daphnis and Chloë, The Two Pigeons, and Birthday Offering for the company’s Silver Jubilee. In addition to the inspiration of Fonteyn, he created The Dream for Anotinette Sibley and Anthony Dowell. La Fille Mal Gardée has been a brilliant success throughout the world, often mounted by Ashton himself.
More recent full-scale ballets have been Rhapsody, created for Mikhail Baryshnikov, in honor of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother’s 80th birthday; Verdi Capricci, premiered on April 19, 1983, the opening night of The Royal Ballet’s season at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York; and before that, A Month in the Country.
During 1985, Ashton choreographed a solo for Merle Park, La Chatte Metamorphoses en Femme, for a gala in honor of Fanny Elssler in Vienna and supervised London Festival Ballet’s revival of his Romeo and Juliet. Ashton first worked in opera in 1934, when he staged Virgil Thomson’s Four Saints in Three Acts, in the United States. In 1953, he staged Gluck’s Orfeo at Covent Garden, with Kathleen Ferrier singing the title role in her last appearance. Benjamin Britten’s last opera, Death in Venice, also includes dances choreographed by Ashton. In 1981, he created choreography for the Nightingale and the Fisherman (on Natalia Makarova and Anthony Dowell) for Igor Stravinsky’s opera Le Rossignol for the Metropolitan Opera’s triple-bill Stravinsky Centenary evening. In September 1983, this production, with designs by David Hockney, was taken into the repertoire of the Royal Opera at Covent Garden.
Frederick Ashton was made a CBE in 1950, and knighted in 1962. In 1970, he became a Companion of Honour, and in October 1977, he was invited by The Queen to become a member of the Order of Merit. France admitted Ashton to the Legion d’Honneur in 1962 and Denmark made him a Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1963. Recognition of his achievement came in 1959 from the Royal Academy of Dancing, which gave him its Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award; in 1972 from the Carina Aria Foundation in Sweden with its Gold Medal; and with honorary degrees: as Doctor of Letters in the Universities of Durham (1962) and East Anglia (1967), and as Doctor of Music in the Universities of London (1970) and Oxford (1976).
On August 19, 1988, Frederick Ashton died in his sleep at his country home in Eye, Suffolk. He was 83.
BRIGHT YOUNG THING
Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton was born in Ecuador to English parents and grew up in Lima, Peru, where he saw a production featuring the ballet dancer Anna Pavlova in 1917. Her performance inspired him to make dancing his life – ‘She injected me with her poison’, as he later put it.
At the age of 20 – now living and working in London – he started taking lessons with the renowned Russian dancer and choreographer Léonide Massine. Massine subsequently recommended Ashton to Marie Rambert, who encouraged him to focus on choreography. At this time in the 1920s, Ashton belonged to the set of ‘bright young things’ that included the photographer Barbara Ker-Seymer and the artist Edward Burra.